Archive for the ‘science’ Category

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The 10 Best Physicists, according to the Guardian

12 May 2013
Paul Dirac. Predicted the existence of antimatter, created some of quantum mechanics’ key equations, and laid the foundations for today’s micro-electronics industry. Won a Nobel prize. Turned down a knighthood because he didn’t want people using his first name.

Paul Dirac. Predicted the existence of antimatter, created some of quantum mechanics’ key equations, and laid the foundations for today’s micro-electronics industry. Won a Nobel prize. Turned down a knighthood because he didn’t want people using his first name.

I couldn’t put together a better list of great physicists than the Guardian has done. It’s good to see the ones that aren’t household names (but should be) like Maxwell, Rutherford, and Dirac.

  1. Isaac Newton
  2. Niels Bohr
  3. Galileo Galilei
  4. Albert Einstein
  5. James Maxwell
  6. Michael Faraday
  7. Marie Curie
  8. Richard Feynman
  9. Ernest Rutherford
  10. Paul Dirac

Of course there’s a strong case for the inclusion of Nikola Tesla.

My favourite bit in the Guardian bios of the above physicists is this:

For his achievements, Carlsberg brewery gave [Niels] Bohr a special gift: a house with a pipeline connected to its brewery next door, thus providing him with free beer for life.

Now that’s a satisfying career.

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Support for Kiera Wilmot

6 May 2013

KW

This is Kiera Wilmot. She’s a 16-year-old American schoolgirl who carried out a mildly risky chemistry experiment on school grounds. For this she was arrested, expelled, and is presently being charged with a felony that could result in up to 5 years in prison.

Kids do stupid things that put themselves and others at risk of harm all the time. But this was not a stupid thing: it was curiosity. Arresting and expelling her seems like an incredible overreaction. Experimentation is one of the fundamental ways in which an interest in science is expressed and nurtured.

Here are two good responses that reflect the general opinion of the community that cares about science more than sealing kids in bubble wrap:

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University of NSW develop a quantum bit using the nucleus of an atom

18 April 2013

From the University of New South Wales (UNSW): engineers have been able to use the nucleus of an atom as the basis for a quantum bit (or qubit) the fundamental unit of quantum computing.

Artist’s impression of a single phosphorus atom, placed in the vicinity of a silicon transistor.

Artist’s impression of a single phosphorus atom, placed in the vicinity of a silicon transistor.

Why is this important?

  • Quantum computing means a potentially massive (like, exponentially massive) increase in computing speed and capacity.
  • This UNSW experiment was done in fairly normal conditions, with solid-state devices and normal silicon circuitry. Qubits with similar accuracy in the past have required very specialised conditions: atoms in a vacuum suspended in a magnetic field, for instance.

So the real breakthrough here is the practicality by which they were able to achieve their quantum computing result. It’s one step closer to being able to deliver quantum computing on a practical scale. Remember, the regular computers we’re familiar with used to weigh many tons and fill entire rooms. Quantum computing will likely go through a similar process.

You can read the media release or get even more background info about quantum computing from the UNSW.

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Curing earworms with anagrams

26 March 2013

An earworm is the name for a song that gets stuck in your head, that you may find yourself - against your will - humming and singing for days.

earworm

In yet another marvelous convergence of science and music researchers at Western Washington University claim you can rid yourself of an earworm by solving anagrams* (that is, rearranging the letters of a word or phrase to form another word or phrase). And if that doesn’t work you can just read a book.

From the Sydney Morning Herald:

This can force the intrusive music out of your working memory, allowing it to  be replaced by other, more amenable, thoughts.

But the researchers warn against trying anything too difficult because this can allow the melodies to wiggle their way back into your consciousness

For those unwilling to carry around a book of anagrams, a good novel can do the trick.

Me, I’m always getting Frank Sinatra’s “Strangers in the Night” in my head. But doing an anagram of “dooby dooby doo” is pretty limiting; it doesn’t get much better than “Yo, Do Booby, Dodo”.

*Exciting finding: Google still has a sense of humour.

anagram

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Coursera: Data Analysis final grade

24 March 2013

The grades are in for the Data Analysis course I completed recently on Coursera: I passed quite easily with a score of 88.8%. Yay me!

completion grade

However, the minimum score for a pass with distinction was 90%. AAARRGGGHHH!

Never mind. I had a lot of fun, and learned an immense amount. It’s not like this certificate is actually recognised as a formal qualification by anyone, nor do I need it for my job.

But I was so close.

The professor released a few course stats, and they are impressive numbers:

  • There were approximately 102,000 students from around the world enrolled in the course at the start.
  • About 51,000 watched the lecture videos.
  • About 20,000 did weekly online quizzes.
  • About 5,500 did the two data analysis assignments.

There’s no word yet if Coursera is going to offer this course again. If you want to torture yourself with data analysis you can already do so, though:

  • All the lecture videos are on YouTube.
  • All the lecture notes are on Github.

You can also watch a podcast to hear Jeff, our professor, share his thoughts on the first-time experience of teaching a massive open online course (MOOC). The key points for me:

  • He purposely made the course difficult.
  • The biggest challenge was the immense heterogeneity of students (i.e., how different we all were).
  • The message boards were really helpful and interesting, as they give students more time to explore ideas.
  • The message boards were like any other on the internet in that some people are great and some people are jerks and most are in between.
  • He knew there would be problems with peer grading but there was really no other way to grade assignments.
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Coursera: Data Analysis complete

14 March 2013

I just finished an 8-week online data analysis course that challenged my brain more than has been done in a very long while. I wrote about this course on my personal blog some weeks ago. Now that I’ve completed it I’ve realised that discussing it definitely belongs here in my science blog.

I took it via Coursera, a relatively new online source of free, compressed, university-level training. The quality of educators involved is very high. My course in data analysis was taught by Jeff Leek, a Ph.D. and associate professor in biostatistics at Johns Hopkins University.

coursera

The course was much harder than I expected. I mentioned that after my first week, but it got really difficult later on. I had to learn a whole new statistical programming language (R), build on a lot of stats I took at uni many years ago, and learn many advanced numerical concepts besides. Moreover we learned how to know when to use different techniques; it becomes an art as much as a science.

We had to do an online multiple-choice quiz each of the eight weeks, and two lengthy written peer-graded assignments. The assignments were quite practical: for example, use Samsung phone accelerometer data to predict, from phone sensor readings, whether the person holding it is sitting, walking, standing, etc.

It will be a few more days before I get the score for the final assignment but I did well enough to know that I’ve passed already regardless of that grade. I’m hoping (though not expecting) to get a pass with distinction.

One of the best parts of the Coursera platform is that there is an extensive discussion forum for each course. It was like having a virtual study group of thousands of people around the world to bounce ideas off of, discuss the lectures, brainstorm how to tackle the assignments, and chat and bitch about the difficulty. There were plenty of people who felt entitled and complained about errors or things that were unclear. I was of the opinion that those people needed to think about how they were taking a detailed course of great complexity from a globally-recognised expert over the internet for free.

I’m planning to take another Coursera course later in the year; topic is to be determined. I recommend it highly, but caution those who think it will be a simple pastime.

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Chris Hadfield: the superstar astronaut taking social media by storm

23 February 2013

Related to the post I made earlier about NASA’s Google+ Hangout with astronauts: one of those who participated live was veteran space-goer Chris Hadfield.

Image

Chris Hadfield, Space Oddity.

A Guardian article describes how Chris has become a social media superstar over the last few weeks with the help of his sons.

In a deliberate campaign to take Earth by storm, Hadfield harnessed the power of social media to inspire the sort of interest in space exploration that NASA and other agencies have been trying to attract for more than a decade. In the process, he is on the way to becoming a breakthrough star in his own right, the first internationally recognisable astronaut since the grainy black and white television images made Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and the original Apollo astronauts into superstars.

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Google+ Hangout with NASA was amazing

23 February 2013

We live in increasingly amazing times.

Earlier today NASA hosted a Hangout on Google+. Through that social media channel a group of schools and kids were able to ask live questions to two astronauts on the ground. Even more exciting is they were able to link in the middle of the Hangout to three astronauts on the International Space Station. And more exciting yet was that the entire world could participate by asking questions via YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, and Google+.

It only lasted an hour. I didn’t join live because it happened between 2 and 3am Sydney time, but I’ve just finished watching the replay on YouTube. You can too:

The fact that people can go to space and live there for months at a time is amazing. The fact that that place lets us do research there that’s not possible anywhere on Earth is incredible. But the fact that those people, in those places, can use modern communications technology to have a live, interactive session with all of us is world-changing. How many kids might be inspired by taking part in this sort of thing? It’s thrilling.

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This is how your brain works

1 February 2013

AsapSCIENCE has a great series of YouTube videos. I like this recent one about the two main ways your brain processes information because it gets you involved.

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The Science of Immunisation: Questions and Answers, from the Australian Academy of Science

26 November 2012

The Australian Academy of Science has science education as one of its main activities.

It has, today, published a booklet for parents on the science of immunisation. While the vast majority of Australian parents do the right thing and get their children vaccinated, there are still a few that do not. Some of these are nuts who still think vaccines cause autism; more generally, they believe that vaccines might be unsafe, or they had a previous child that had a reaction.

The Academy recognises that when they have the facts most people will do the right thing and take advantage of these medicines. Vaccines are overwhelmingly more safe than dangerous, and have eliminated many deadly diseases in only a couple of generations.

You can read more, and download the booklets in PDF form, from the Academy’s website.

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Self-taught African Teen Wows M.I.T.

23 November 2012

Let’s see, what was I doing at 15…

Pretty inspirational.

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A trillion frames per second

16 August 2012

TED is one of the best things on the internet. As proof, check out this recent video about work with a camera that takes a trillion frames per second. We can suddenly see how light moves around, observe relativistic effects, and even envision applications like being able to see around corners without a mirror.

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Music + science = Muse

16 August 2012

You know I love it when science and music converge. They often do, and have again, with the rock band Muse.

The grandiose rock act that blends Queen and electronica have previously outed themselves as science geeks by naming songs “Supermassive Black Hole”, “Space Dementia”, and “Exogenesis: Symphony, Pt. 2: Cross-Pollination”, or by naming an album H.A.A.R.P. (High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program). Their astrophysical cred was well on display when I saw them play at Wembley several years ago.

Muse, telling science jokes to each other.

Now their forthcoming album is to be called The 2nd Law. It seems pretty clear from the sort-of lyrics of the second song they’ve teased from that album – the dubstep rocker “Unsustainable” – that it’s thermodynamic laws they’re referring to. The second law says, in simple terms, that unless hindered from doing so, energy tends to spread out or disperse.

I reckon that this Muse album will disperse in millions of copies around the world, as previous ones have done, too.

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Curiosity takes us to Mars

7 August 2012

You’ve seen plenty of media coverage already about NASA‘s Curiosity rover landing safely on Mars. It went better than they’d hoped. Now the robot will sniff around the red planet for signs that life might ever have existed there. What it finds could tell us all sorts of things about how life began here on Earth, or about the likelihood of life elsewhere in the universe.

Its primary mission will last one Martian year (about 98 of our weeks, nearly two Earth years). But with some luck it’ll keep going longer than that.

You can read about how the mission’s going on NASA’s mission web site; here’s part of today’s:

On its first Martian day, designated Sol 0, the rover is checking its health and measuring its tilt. All Sol 0 spacecraft activities appear to have been completely nominal. These include firing all of Curiosity’s pyrotechnic devices for releasing post-landing deployments. Spring-loaded deployments, such as removal of dust covers from the Hazard-Avoidance cameras (Hazcams) occur immediately when pyros are fired. Curiosity also took images with its front and rear Hazcams both before and after removal of the dust covers, checked out its UHF telecommunications system and rover motor controller assembly, and completed all activities required to proceed with its planned activities on Sol 1. Approximately five megabytes of data were successfully relayed back to Earth from NASA’s Mars Odyssey spacecraft during its overpass today.

Activities planned for Sol 1 during the mission’s approximately one-month characterization activity phase include deploying Curiosity’s high-gain antenna, collecting science data from Curiosity’s Radiation Assessment Detector and Rover Environmental Monitoring Station instruments, and obtaining additional imagery. The mission’s characterization activity phase is design to learn how all Curiosity’s subsystems and instruments are functioning after landing and within the environment and gravitational field of Mars.

There are lots of photos of Curiosity’s surroundings on Mars too, though you can’t get away from them if you’re near a TV or newspaper these days. I’m looking forward to a constant stream of fascinating info from Curiosity.

Curiosity’s first color image of the Martian landscape. This view of the landscape to the north of NASA’s Mars rover Curiosity was acquired by the Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) on the afternoon of the first day after landing. In the distance, the image shows the north wall and rim of Gale Crater. The image is murky because the MAHLI’s removable dust cover is apparently coated with dust blown onto the camera during the rover’s terminal descent. Images taken without the dust cover in place are expected during checkout of the robotic arm in coming weeks. Click the image above to embiggen.

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Ultimo Science Festival 2012

25 July 2012

The Ultimo Science Festival is returning to Sydney in a few weeks, running from 16 to 26 August. Several venues along Harris Street host events intended to get kids and adults interested in science. According to their website those events include “pub science, science-art and film, family activities, school sessions, lectures on amazing topics by extraordinary speakers, comedy, laboratory tours, peeks into museum basements and scientists scurrying out of their labs to show what they’ve discovered”.

Here are several of the highlight events. I’m definitely going to a couple, and so should you. I do not work for the festival or for any of the agencies involved in it: I just believe (obviously) that science is a wonderful thing, and getting kids interested in it early is vital for our society.

Events for the whole family

  • THE BICYCLE: simple idea, complex evolution - See an early 1800s pedal-less hobby horse, an 1830s treadle-driven bike, a Penny Farthing and an Australian Olympic Superbike.
  • Experimentations Exhibition - Come along and do real experiments! Explore the world, see science in action
  • Science rhyme time for babies - Even toddlers love the idea of science. Sing science nursery rhymes with your little ones,  6 months – 2 years
  • Big Science Weekend for children and families including;
    • Ruben Meerman, the Surfing Scientist show - Be amazed at the tricks of Ruben Meerman, the ABC’s Surfing Scientist from Catalyst, Sleek Geeks and ABC3 and his science demonstrations. Witness the bizarre effects of liquid nitrogen on ordinary objects like balloons, rubber ducks and sausages! Ages 7 and up. Meet Ruben in person after each show!
    • Mystery Investigators - Find out about the myth-busting science behind magic power bands, beds of nails, water divining and more.
    • The Magic of Chemistry! Explore the chemistry that happens in your everyday life, uncover the molecular mysteries that usually you don’t even notice.
    • WIPEOUT! A show by Perform! Educational Musicals – WIPEOUT! takes you on a  hilarious, interactive journey full of scientific facts, emphasizing the importance of access to clean energy technology while exploring the diverse range of Australian ecosystems under threat.

Events for Adults

The 2012 Einstein Lecture by Dr Michael J Biercuk – Tuesday 21 August, 5:45pm

The seventh annual Australian Institute of Physics/Powerhouse Museum demonstration lecture will explore the current output from Einstein’s original work. In the past topics have included Lasers, Quantum computing, GPS, Global warming and medical science.

An examination of the physics of the very small and very cold will reveal just how different the quantum world is to our own. Our discussion will explore the wealth of bizarre phenomena that arise in quantum mechanics, and how we can exploit them to enable an entire generation of new technologies.

Dr. Michael J. Biercuk is an experimental physicist in the Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems at the University of Sydney. Michael runs a research group performing cutting-edge experiments using trapped atoms to study and exploit the strangest effects in quantum physics.

  • Recommended for 14 years and up. Light refreshments included in ticket price.
  • When: Tuesday 21 August, Doors open 5.45pm. Evening starts at 6.30pm
  • Where: Powerhouse Museum, 500 Harris St, Ultimo
  • Tickets: $5 adult, $2 under 18s. Bookings essential. Call (02) 9217 0222 or
  • www.powerhousemuseum.com/bookings/usf
  • Presented by the Powerhouse Museum and Australian Institute of Physics. Supported by the Australian College of Educators

ABC Life Matters forum with Natasha Mitchell – which will explore the ethics of animal experimentation

The Fame Algorithm with Maths Comedian Simon Pampena – Monday 20 August, 6pm.

What’s the secret to fame and fortune? Looks? Talent? Opportunity? Not any more. In today’s world you need to know MATHS.

Simon Pampena, the Angry Mathematician, takes the guesswork out of modern fame with his own formula for success, THE FAME ALGORITHM.  Pampena demonstrates through careful analysis that even simple maths can explain world-wide success.

“People love sex and people love food hence people love Nigella Lawson. Her popularity is predicted with a simple Venn Diagram*,” says Pampena.

  • When: Monday 20 August, 6pm
  • Where: UTS City Campus, The Loft Bar, 15 Broadway
  • Tickets: FREE but bookings essential: www.ultimosciencefeatival.com

A big night of Science – Saturday 18 August, 6-8:30pm

A big night out for those who love science. International special guest speaker Professor Jack Copeland, world authority and currently the most prolific author the work of code-breaking genius Alan Turing, the genius whose centenary we’re celebrating this year. Palaeontologist and host, Dr Paul Willis (from ABC’s Catalyst, now Director of RiAus), will lead us through a feast of talks, discussion and participation, plus there’s live jazz and drinks and canapes.

Objects from the Powerhouse Museum will be on display with curators to talk about them. Hands-on activities from the Royal Australian Chemical Institute will add spark to your night. Recommended for Over 18s (and accompanied science fans over 14 years). ID needed for bar service.

*I couldn’t help myself.

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How science works: the Higgs particle, and neutrinos that aren’t really faster than light

15 July 2012

I didn’t really blog about the exciting Higgs boson verification* a couple of weeks ago. I was too busy reading about it myself, and was also on a work trip.

But it is thrilling. It’s exceedingly strong experimental support for a subatomic particle that was the missing piece of the Standard Model. It’s one more piece in the jigsaw we’re assembling about how the universe came to be and how it works. (But it’s clear we’re going to need more than just the Standard Model.)

I think the recent discovery is just as important as a public illustration of how science works: posit a theory that fits the facts, then go about trying to prove and disprove it.

And the Higgs wasn’t the only newsworthy item that happened at CERN this year to demonstrate this. Remember the big news several months ago that experimental results showed that neutrinos were travelling faster than the speed of light, which nothing should be able to do according to Einstein’s theory of relativity? Those results have since been shown to be incorrect: there was a cable loose somewhere. This guest post on the Freakonomics blog spells it all out really well.

Checking and re-checking: that’s how science works.

If you want more on the Higgs, I really like the way this guy explains what the discovery means.

*Pretty much. Within 5 standard deviations.

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The Australian and attacks on science

10 July 2012

The Australian newspaper (one of Rupert Murdoch’s News Limited broadsheets) has a long history of getting science wrong. In fact, over at Scienceblogs’ Deltoid it’s a very common topic.

So it was perhaps not surprising to see this headline at the top of their paper today:

They then quote a few lines from a statement introducing the (presumably new) syllabus for Queensland Years 11 and 12:

Explanations of natural phenomenon may be viewed as mental constructs based on personal experiences.

Science students are encouraged to appreciate the social and cultural perspectives of science.

Accepted scientific concepts, theories and models may be viewed as shared understandings that the scientific community perceive as viable in light of current available evidence.

The article pooh-poohs these points. There’s also an editorial doing the same, saying that science must be a rigorous search for truth. They quote the executive director of the Australian Council of Deans of Science.

I can only assume that the director was fed these handful of lines in isolation. Either that or some other misunderstanding must have happened, because I don’t see how anyone could have a problem with these.

First, it seems to me that these statements might be an attempt to implement the guidelines being put forward by the national education assessment authority, which I blogged about recently, because some of the language sounds quite similar. If that’s true, then these are only a couple of statements in a lengthy set of documentation that clearly establish science as a rigorous, truthful discipline.

But to heap rebuke on science education because of these few statements seems to me like the act of an organisation with an axe to grind against science. I see nothing worrying in them.

It’s patently true that our explanations of natural phenomena are mental constructs based on what we experience. The ancient Chinese came up with a dragon eating the sun as their best guess for an eclipse. Now we have more precise ways of explaining it, and so we do. But we’re still coming up with models for things like string theory, and wave-particle duality, and quantum states: we don’t understand any of these things completely, but come up with mental models based on whatever evidence we have. The statement doesn’t imply that we make a New Age guess despite the available evidence of whatever explanation we find convenient.

Anyone examining political attitudes around the climate change “debate”, or around the existence of famine, or stem-cell theory, could not deny that there are social and cultural aspects to science.

And while it’s true that consensus does not make truth, educated consensus does, in fact, constitute accepted scientific theories and models.

Cheap shots and cherry-picking. Yep, sounds like typical anti-science ignorance.

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NSW science education changes criticised by teachers

25 June 2012

From the SMH:

The federal government’s Australian Curriculum Reporting and Assessment Authority has released a draft national senior secondary curriculum for chemistry, biology, earth and environmental science and physics. It is left to individual states and territories to decide how to build it into their existing offerings.

[However] the draft…will be unmanageable to teach, will narrow student options and take away teachers’ ability to cater for different student interests, NSW educators say.

Consultation on the curriculum is open until July 20.

The draft and consultation survey are available online; I’m going to check them out and provide some input.

One of the criticisms mentioned in the newspaper article is that current options for students to pick science topics they’re interested in would be removed, and a more fixed curriculum be instituted. I can see how the options would be good for ensuring students’ interest, but also run the risk of missing some of the basics.

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Science and Rational Thought in Australian Politics

24 June 2012

I started reading The Geek Manifesto this morning. The book, by UK writer and journalist Mark Henderson, is a call to those who love science and its proven method for finding the truth to make your will felt in the public sphere. Too long have uninformed, reactionary, crowd-pleasing, lowest-common-denominator politics filled the public discourse, he says. Geeks are finally getting some cred and some clout, and it’s time we used it.

The book is already speaking to me deeply. His first example of geeks exerting their influence was in the UK libel case against Simon Singh a couple of years ago, which I blogged about. Henderson is right, I thought. We have a powerful means to back up our opinions. Why should we let lawyers and business students run the show all the time?

I’m obviously going to read the rest of the Manifesto with excitement. But I’ve already started looking into forums or other sources of information here in Australia that are trying to include more science into politics. Maybe this is the time for us to shift national policy and debate into something more rational.

  • Science in Public is a science communication company, kind of a geek PR
  • Professor Ian Chubb is the “Chief Scientist for Australia [which provides] high-level independent advice to the Prime Minister and other Ministers on matters relating to science, technology and innovation. They also hold the position of Executive Officer of the Prime Minister’s Science, Engineering and Innovation Council to identify challenges and opportunities for Australia that can be addressed, in part, through science. An equally important part of the role of Chief Scientist for Australia is to be a champion of science, research and the role of evidence in the community and in government. Finally, the Chief Scientist is a communicator of science to the general public, with the aim to promote understanding of, contribution to and enjoyment of science and evidence-based thinking.”
  • Many universities have centres for public policy; I’d be interested to find out if science awareness features in them.

Geeks unite.

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Seth MacFarlane and Cosmos

3 June 2012

I don’t care much for Seth MacFarlane‘s animated comedy shows (Family Guy, etc). They’re randomness without surreality, too pointlessly rude and knowing and snide.

But I just found out that MacFarlane is very concerned about the poor state of public science interest and discourse in the US. I didn’t expect that. That is an admirable concern.

Moreover, Fox has asked MacFarlane to co-produce a thirteen-part update to Carl Sagan’s milestone 1980 PBS series about the universe, Cosmos.

Wow.

Cosmos: there are few comparable successes in the history of public engagement on science. The other producers on the project are Ann Druyan and Steven Soter, who are Sagan’s widow and one of his students, respectively. This thing is going to have cred.

Expect to see this series on TV sometime in late 2013 or early 2014.

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